One of the most pronounced ingredients in any pharmaceutical engineering is water. Water serves as a solvent and ingredient for formulation in many pharmaceutical procedures. Special care and attention must, therefore, be taken to ensure that the water used, meets the standard quality for purified water. Water is purified to remove impurities and prevent microbes which might cause contamination of products.
The primary source of purified water is drinking water. As such, the feed water must be protected from microbial proliferation. When considering any type of industrial water filtration systems, it is essential to consider periodic sanitization because microbes may thrive during production, storage, and distribution. One of the general principles which apply to any type of purified water systems in pharmaceuticals entails prevention of any microbial and physical re-contamination. The justification for use of purified water lies on the premise that purified water contains less solid impurities, estimated to be about one percent, than ordinary feed water.
There are three often used different types of industrial water filtration systems in pharmaceuticals which will be discussed including; ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) and distillation.
2. Reverse osmosis (RO) entails applying pressure to the concentrated solution in an osmosis process, thereby disrupting the natural osmotic flow. As a result, water starts flowing from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. It is strongly advised that RO systems being utilized for pharmaceutical manufacturing be designed for control of bacteria. RO units are often susceptible to microbial fouling and must be cleaned thoroughly and regularly.
3. Distillation is another widely used type of purified water system in pharmaceutical practice is distillation. As a general principle, the first ten to twenty percent distillate must be discarded because the feed water contains innumerable volatile substances. The same case applies to the last twenty percent to prevent excessive dryness which would result in solid impurities contaminating the previous distillate. Heat is used to boil the liquid mixture containing volatile components. Later on, condensation is used to recover the vapor.
The primary source of purified water is drinking water. As such, the feed water must be protected from microbial proliferation. When considering any type of industrial water filtration systems, it is essential to consider periodic sanitization because microbes may thrive during production, storage, and distribution. One of the general principles which apply to any type of purified water systems in pharmaceuticals entails prevention of any microbial and physical re-contamination. The justification for use of purified water lies on the premise that purified water contains less solid impurities, estimated to be about one percent, than ordinary feed water.There are three often used different types of industrial water filtration systems in pharmaceuticals which will be discussed including; ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) and distillation.
2. Reverse osmosis (RO) entails applying pressure to the concentrated solution in an osmosis process, thereby disrupting the natural osmotic flow. As a result, water starts flowing from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. It is strongly advised that RO systems being utilized for pharmaceutical manufacturing be designed for control of bacteria. RO units are often susceptible to microbial fouling and must be cleaned thoroughly and regularly.
3. Distillation is another widely used type of purified water system in pharmaceutical practice is distillation. As a general principle, the first ten to twenty percent distillate must be discarded because the feed water contains innumerable volatile substances. The same case applies to the last twenty percent to prevent excessive dryness which would result in solid impurities contaminating the previous distillate. Heat is used to boil the liquid mixture containing volatile components. Later on, condensation is used to recover the vapor.
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ReplyDeleteWhat about the flow rate of purified water and distilled water in return loop after user points
ReplyDeleteWhat about flow rate of purified water and WFI in return loops and how much is it
ReplyDeleteVelocity shall be maintained more than 1.2meter per second
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