Testing Procedure (Method of analysis) for Acetates, Acetyl Groups and Alkaloids : Pharmaguideline

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Testing Procedure (Method of analysis) for Acetates, Acetyl Groups and Alkaloids

Learn how to identify the Acetates,Acetyl Groups and Alkaloids.

Acetates

A. Heat the substance under examination with an equal quantity of oxalic acid; acidic vapors with the characteristic odor of acetic acid are liberated.
B. Warm 1 g of the substance under examination with 1 ml of sulphuric acid and 3 ml of ethanol (95 percent); ethyl acetate, recognizable by its odor, is evolved.
C. Dissolve about 30 mg of the substance under examination in 3 m1 of water or use 3 ml of the prescribed solution, add successively 0.25 m1 of lanthanum nitrate solution, 0.1 ml of 0.1 M iodine and 0.05 m1 of dilute ammonia solution. Heat carefully to boiling, within a few minutes a blue precipitate or a dark blue color is produced.

Acetyl Groups

In a test-tube (about 180 mm x 18 mm) place 10 to 20 mg or the prescribed quantity of the substance under examination and add 0.15 ml of phosphoric acid. Close the tube with a stopper through which passes a small test-tube (about 100 mm x 10 mm) containing water to act as a condenser. On the outside of the smaller tube, hang a drop of lanthanum nitrate solution.

Except for substances hydrolyzable only with difficulty, place the apparatus in a water-bath for 5 minutes and remove the smaller tube. Mix the drop with 0.05 ml of 0.01 M iodine on a porcelain tile or glass slide and then add one drop of 2M ammonia at the edge of the mixed drop; after 1 or 2 minutes a blue colour is produced at the junction of the two drops and the colour intensifies and persists for a short time.

For substances hydrolyzable only with difficulty, heat the mixture slowly to boiling point over an open flame instead of using a water bath.

Alkaloids

Dissolve a few mg or the prescribed quantity of the substance under examination in 5 ml of water, add dilute hydrochloric acid until the solution has an acid reaction and then add 1 m1 of potassium iodobismuthate solution; an orange or orange-red precipitate is formed immediately.





Ankur Choudhary is India's first professional pharmaceutical blogger, author and founder of pharmaguideline.com, a widely-read pharmaceutical blog since 2008. Sign-up for the free email updates for your daily dose of pharmaceutical tips.
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