Application of Cell CulturesCell culture is an important tool in cellular and molecular biology, offering good model systems for investigating normal cell physiology and biochemistry (e.g., metabolic research, ageing), the effects of medicines and toxic chemicals on cells, and mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It is also utilised in medication screening and research, as well as large-scale biologic…
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Primary, Established and Transformed Cell Cultures
By removing cells from an animal or plant, it is possible to grow them in a suitable artificial environment. A cell line or cell strain can be created from a tissue sample, or cells can be extracted directly from the tissue and disaggregated by enzymatic method or mechanical method.
Primary CultureAfter cells have been isolated from tissues and proliferated in the proper conditions until all of th…
Primary CultureAfter cells have been isolated from tissues and proliferated in the proper conditions until all of th…
Growth of Animal Cells in Culture, General Procedure for Cell Culture
Animal cells are grown artificially in a favorable environment in the form of animal cell culture.
The cells needed for animal culture should come from multicellular eukaryotes and their established cell lines.The technique of animal cell culture is used to separate and cultivate cells from animals under artificial conditions.A cell line can be maintained as a distinct entity from its original sou…
The cells needed for animal culture should come from multicellular eukaryotes and their established cell lines.The technique of animal cell culture is used to separate and cultivate cells from animals under artificial conditions.A cell line can be maintained as a distinct entity from its original sou…
Evaluation of Microbial Stability of Formulations
Spoilage As a result of spoilage, pharmaceuticals and excipients lose quality and become unusable, resulting in a loss of quality and financial damage. It may be necessary to discard the entire batch. There could be significant financial losses for the company. Additionally, a lawsuit from a consumer may cause the company significant financial losses. This may lead to additional financial losses …
Preservation of Pharmaceutical Products using Antimicrobial Agents
Pharmaceutical products are substances or mixtures intended for use in humans for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease, altering or modifying bodily functions, or preventing abnormal physical states. Known as microbial spoilage, this occurs when these pharmaceutical products deteriorate as a result of contamination by microbes. Due to this, products must be preserved during storage and mul…
Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Spoilage
Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Spoilage The evaluation of a medicinal product's microbiological composition is critical. A sterile product should be completely devoid of microorganisms, as determined by a sterility test. Non-sterile items, on the other hand, may include microorganisms. These microorganisms have the potential to be both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Microorganisms …
Sources and Types of Microbial Contaminants
Sources and Types of Microbial ContaminationMicrobes play a crucial role in our surroundings. Almost anywhere and everywhere you look, you will find them. As a result, pharmaceutical items may get contaminated during large-scale manufacture, small-scale hospital manufacturing, or patient usage. The many sources of microbial contamination in pharmaceutical goods are listed below.
Contamination may…
Contamination may…
Types of Spoilage, Factors Affecting the Microbial Spoilage of Pharmaceutical Products
Including air, water, and soil, our environment is filled with microbes. These microorganisms are not only said to destroy food but also to ruin medicinal items. Pharmaceutical product deterioration can pose major health risks to users while also causing financial difficulties for producers. Pharmaceutical items are regarded microbiologically ruined when discernible physical or chemical changes h…
Assessment of a New Antibiotic
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) develops when microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) evolve in such a way that the drugs used to treat illnesses become ineffective. Patients will die from previously curable illnesses if new antibiotics are not introduced. A fundamental challenge, however, is appropriate antibiotic evaluation, particularly by payers and/or Health Technology Assess…
Methods for Standardization of Antibiotics, Vitamins and Amino Acids
Methods of Standardization of AntibioticsA prescription antibiotic consists of a stable dose of a chemical compound, which is produced either naturally (by a microorganism) or artificially (by a semi-synthetic process), and which has the ability to suppress (bactericidal) or destroy (bacteriostasis) microorganisms in relatively dilute solutions.
The three main points for standardizing antibiotics …
The three main points for standardizing antibiotics …
Principles and Methods of Different Microbiological Assay
A microbiological or microbial assay is a type of biological test that determines the potency of a compound by determining the amount needed to produce the expected effects on a test organism.
Microbial assay concepts are similar to those used in assays of higher plants or animals. The relative size of the experimental population is one existing distinction. When bioassays are conducted, the react…
Microbial assay concepts are similar to those used in assays of higher plants or animals. The relative size of the experimental population is one existing distinction. When bioassays are conducted, the react…
